A Systematic Literature Review of Success Factors and Barriers of Agile Software Development

Motivator and demotivator plays an important role in software industry. It encompasses software performance and productivity which are necessary for projects of Agile software development (ASD). Existing studies comprise of motivators and demotivators of ASD, which exist in dispersed form. That is why there is a need of a detailed systematic literature review to review the factors and sub-factors effecting motivators and demotivators in ASD. A comprehensive review is executed to gather the critical success factors of motivator and demotivator of Agile software development. Thus, the ongoing study classifies motivator and demotivator factors into four classes, i.e., people, organization, technical and process. However, sub-classification is also executed to clarify more of the motivators of agile. Along with this, motivator and demotivator of scrum process is also categorized to overview a clear vision. Keywords—Agile methods; systematic literature review; motivator; demotivator; success factors; barriers; scrum; ASD


A. Motivation
Agile Software development (ASD) provides an iterative way to make effective and efficient software development.It contains set of rules and principle with self-organizing teams.In Software development, motivator plays an important role to enhance the personal and technical skills.Motivator is a critical factor in achieving project scope by clarifying the business goals.McHugh et al. [1] has analysed the effect of motivator and demotivator on core three agile practices.Qualitative analysis has been performed to fulfil this purpose.This systemic literature review will gather the existing knowledge of motivator and demotivator.
In ASD, due to its iterative nature ratio of failure projects are less than SDLC but when it comes to individual personal and technical skills, there is need of motivator and demotivator factors effecting ASD.These motivators and demotivators works as an umbrella activities throughout the project that's why there is need to control the demotivator factors to increase the motivator factors afterward.The literature depicts that effective management is the backbone of project success and can reduce the failure ratio up to 70% of their total cost.ASD has multiple methods which follow the one agile manifesto for continuous development throughout the life cycle.

B. Need of Systematic Literature Review
From the previous 10 to 15 years, ASD showed great boom in software industry and it bypass the existing SDLC technique due to its more success stories that's why there is a revival of agile industry all over the world and sooner or later it will become the best adopted technique to its flexible environment.Existing literature depicts, that is, it lacks a detailed systematic literature of ASD and there is a need of systematic literature review to cover this gap.This study encounters the existing studies on motivator and demotivator factor to make the detailed list.The data is present in dispersed format and needs to gather for systematic literature review.This SLR will help in managing the self-organizing teams by providing them confidence and support for help in work done.Cockburn and Highsmith [2] proposed rewards and incentives as most common motivating factor.The literature encompasses the people factor in which stress is a demotivating factor.ASD works on software development that yields success as well as stakeholder satisfaction.
Motivator and demotivator factors are challenging work that they need to be identified and must be noted.Secondly, our main contribution is to categorize the motivator and demotivator factor into people, technical and organization background.For this purpose, we have done a detail study of relevant papers of motivators and demotivators and classified, respectively.
The structure of remaining paper is: Section 2 describes the Literature Review.Section 3 explains methodology of the research.Sections 4 to 7 illustrate the output and findings, classification and quality Assessment.Section 8 encompasses discussion, then finally conclusion in Section 9.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW
The current section emphasises on the studies which are very close to the research of this study.
Several factors of motivators in ASD are focused in [3].They propose model of motivation of software Engineering (MOCC) in which different factors of software engineering is been identified.To proof his domain study they have done factors with respect to technical aspects.The primary fellow of agile give brief view of how agile can be implemented against www.ijacsa.thesai.orgtraditional software development [2].Akhtar et al. [4] find the scrum critical factors in native software industry.As a result, the authors provide different recommendations to increase the productivity of software.Author in [5] has provided scrum adoption and implementation challenges in Pakistan due to its novice adoption in this area.In another study, [6] has focused on success factors of ASD.For this purpose they do a detail study of agile methods.The important contribution of Wagener is the division of the extracted elements in four classes, i.e., process, organizational, technical and people classes.An empirical study along with SLR has been conducted by [7] have on different agile projects.Regression analysis is used to evaluate result of 109 agile teams.Baddoo and Hall [8] describe the rewarding as most motivating factor.Another study on motivators and demotivators were conducted on software industry of Pakistan by [9].To evaluate the literature regarding motivator and demotivator a systematic literature review is done.They propose an extension in hosted 5D's model by adding culture in it.

A. Systematic Literature Review
It comprises of snowballing process for the assessment of relevant literature [10].An evaluation process is used to accomplish the review.After that the output will describe the detailed list of motivators and demotivators, and classification and sub-classification of motivators and demotivators has been done.

B. Planning of Mapping
Current systematic literature review is done for the evaluation of the relevant data comprising motivator and demotivator of agile software development.The data exist in dispersed form and there is a need of complete literature review to collect all such distributed data.

C. Research Questions
There are three research questions of current research as shown in Table I.

D. Search Strings
The search strings used for the extraction of relevant studies are:

((({MOTIVATOR} OR {MOTIVATORS}) OR {DEMOTIVATOR} OR {DEMOTIVATOR} OR {DEMOTIVATOR} OR {DEMOTIVATORS}) OR {SUCCESS}) OR {BARRIER}) OR {AGILE} OR {AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT} OR {ASD} E. Databases
We have targeted every search engine and find out maximum no research papers.Mostly papers are extracted by IEEE, ACM and Springer.Paper must publish in between 2000 to 2018.

F. Factor Mining
In order to elaborate the maximum number of motivators and demotivators factors, a selection procedure described in Table II is followed to find relevant papers according to string.

G. Selection of Primary Study
To select any paper title, abstract and conclusion has been explored.Those papers that have ambiguity and unclear objectives have been discarded.

1) Inclusion Criteria
Following points are examined to inclusion criteria:  Medium of language is English.
 Studies can solid accessible link.
 Paper must publish after 2000.
 Peer reviewed, but blog and books are not acceptable.
 Non-English language publications.
 All the studies which are unable to E-access.

H. Performing SLR
All the studies which have a solid background related to agile is been selected as shown in Table III.Conference and Journal papers are selected to give solid background.Selected primary studies are 39.However, the following papers are extracted which are most suitable against our research string.

I. Quality Assessment
Research papers having score in between 1 and 3 are been selected and those who have less than 1 are neglected (Table IV).

Looks very strong Add operations and effects
A deeper knowledge of socio knowledge is still need to explore.[86] In Proceedings of 15th international conference, XP(2014) Qualitative analysis

Several case design issues have been introduced
In three different instant software organizations.

We lie The organization created a culture that supports communication and discussion
There is less agility than alternative two organizations to design decisions.There is need of model of motivators for ASD.[43] IV.MOTIVATORS AND DEMOTIVATORS IN RQ1

Our theory is that
In order to answer the RQ 1, SLR was done by which detailed list of motivator and demotivator has been extracted and list in Table VI   V. CATEGORIZATION OF MOTIVATORS AND DEMOTIVATORS (RQ2) We have classified motivators and demotivators factors into procedural, stakeholders and firm's factors as shown in  Classification of demotivators has also been performed to find more precise results (Fig. 2).In organization, the most common factors are: unclear requirement, scope and kind of modification, deadlines, early decision making, current political situation, low productivity, lack of face to face communication, large team size, informal communication, trusting people, tool process, nature of organization.In people factor, less domain experience, critical communication, time zone, native culture, geographical condition and linguistic difficulty are evaluated.

VI. FACTORIZATION OF MOTIVATORS (RQ3)
This section addresses the answer of RQ3.Subcategorization was done on motivators (Fig. 3).We have done categorization of motivating factors such as diversity of effort which was categorized as individual and marketplace desires.Considering the sense of belonging aspects are categorised as intrinsic and extrinsic.Recognition of work can be classified as reward and incentive.In employee participation individual and team participation are core motivating factors while clear identification with task has motivating factors such as clear goals and stick with plans.www.ijacsa.thesai.org

VII. THREAT TO VALIDITY
There are three systematic steps for threat to validity perspectives.

A. Primary Studies Risk Identification
The motivation is the core domain to motivate someone to enhance their capability that is why it is a tuff task to separate concept of motivation accordingly.For this purpose we have selected the word software to differentiate the concept of motivator from other domains.

B. Threats to Selection and Consistency
Due to selection of research question from the domain of agile their might be possibility of containing magazine contributions and thesis because the data exist in dispersed form.

C. Threats to Data Fusion and Results
This result is evaluated against given string.If a keyword is added or remove against string it might be better filtering result.This snowballing process is to explore what has been done in the field of motivator in ASD.

VIII. DISCUSSION
Current research focused a systematic literature review of motivator and demotivator factor of ASD.For this purpose we have explore against the string and evaluate the result accordingly.The detailed list of motivator and demotivator has been evaluated and classification of motivator and demotivator has done on organization, people and technical level.Then these levels are explored more against general factors, such as client based, decision time, team distribution, team size, general culture, planning and controlling, capability to do work, personal feature, training and learning and intrinsic and extrinsic.

IX. CONCLUSION
This systematic literature describes the synthesis of data available on success and barrier of Agile software development.These success and barrier are also referred as motivator and demotivator factors.For this purpose we have provided a detailed list of motivators and demotivators.Classification is also been performed on the basis of people, technical and organization perspective to give comprehensive detail accordingly.A Quality Assessment has been performed to find the best possible paper according to string.Brief introduction of selected papers has also been described.Along with this, the sub categorization has also been performed to find more brief detail of motivator and demotivator factors.The plan behind this research is described and keywords that support are also been discussed.Literature lacks the open question on challenge and motivator factor of agile software development.

X. FUTURE WORK
In future we will do empirical analysis on motivator and demotivator of Agile Software Development to find more accurate results.Further plans are to provide a demotivation effect model for Agile practitioners which will be helpful in increasing productivity.

Fig. 1 .
Following figure shows the general motivators and their classification in which organization of general factors include customer oriented, judgment based, team dissemination and scope, overall culture and organization and mechanism.Stakeholders technical features includes ability, individual features, announcement and conciliation, civilization culture and keeping fit and knowledge while procedural features include individual features, inherent, extrinsic and some overall aspects.

TABLE IV .
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PAPERS .

TABLE VII .
COMMON DEMOTIVATORS EXTRACTED FROM SELECTED PAPERS