IJACSA Volume 3 Issue 5 - thesai.org

IJACSA Volume 3 Issue 5

Copyright Statement: This is an open access publication licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, even commercially as long as the original work is properly cited.

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Paper 1: Data normalization and integration in Robotic Systems using Web Services Technologies

Abstract: The robotics is one of the most active areas. We also need to join a large number of disciplines to create robots. With these premises, one problem is the management of information from multiple heterogeneous sources. Each component, hardware or software, produces data with different nature: temporal frequencies, processing needs, size, type, etc. Nowadays, technologies and software engineering paradigms such as service-oriented architectures are applied to solve this problem in other areas. This paper proposes the use of these technologies to implement a robotic control system based on services. This type of system will allow integration and collaborative work of different elements that make up a robotic system

Author 1: Jose Vicente Berna-Martinez

Author 2: Francisco Macia-Perez

Keywords: SOA; robots architecture; web serices; management and integration.

Paper 2: A Neural Network System for Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Through SpO2 Signal Features

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder in which individuals stop breathing during their sleep. These episodes last 10 seconds or more and cause oxygen levels in the blood to drop. Most of sleep apnea cases are currently undiagnosed because of expenses and practicality limitations of overnight polysomnography (PSG) at sleep labs, where an expert human observer is required. New techniques for sleep apnea classification are being developed by bioengineers for most comfortable and timely detection. In this study, we develop and validate a neural network (NN) using SpO2 measurements obtained from pulse oximetry to predict OSA. The results show that the NN is useful as a predictive tool for OSA with a high performance and improved accuracy, approximately 93.3%, which is better than reported techniques in the literature.

Author 1: Laiali Almazaydeh

Author 2: Miad Faezipour

Author 3: Khaled Elleithy

Keywords: sleep apnea; PSG; SpO2; features extraction; oximetry; neural networks.

Paper 3: Automated Detection Method for Clustered Microcalcification in Mammogram Image Based on Statistical Textural Features

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most frightening cancer for women in the world. The current problem that closely related with this issue is how to deal with small calcification part inside the breast called micro calcification (MC). As a preventive way, a breast screening examination called mammogram is provided. Mammogram image with a considerable amount of MC has been a problem for the doctor and radiologist when they should determine correctly the region of interest, in this study is clustered MC. Therefore, we propose to develop an automated method to detect clustered MC utilizing two main methods, multi-branch standard deviation analysis for clustered MC detection and surrounding region dependence method for individual MC detection. Our proposed method was resulting in 70.8% of classification rate, then for the sensitivity and specificity obtained 79% and 87%, respectively. The gained results are adequately promising to be more developed in some areas.

Author 1: Kohei Arai

Author 2: Indra Nugraha Abdullah

Author 3: Hiroshi Okumura

Keywords: Automated Detection Method; Mammogram; Micro calcification; Statistical Textural Features; Standard Deviation.

Paper 4: Eye Detection Based-on Color and Shape Features

Abstract: This paper presents an eye detection technique based-on color and shape features. The approach consists of three steps: a rough eye localization using projection technique, a white color thresholding to extract white sclera, and an ellipse fitting to fit the ellipse shape of eye. The proposed white color thresholding utilizes the normalized RGB chromaticty diagram, where white color objects are bounded by a small circle on the diagram. Experimental result shows that the proposed technique achieves a high eye detection rate of 91%.

Author 1: Aryuanto Soetedjo

Keywords: eye detection; color thresholding; ellipse fitting.

Paper 5: Bins Formation using CG based Partitioning of Histogram Modified Using Proposed Polynomial Transform ‘Y=2X-X2’for CBIR

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel polynomial transform to modify the original histogram of the image to adjust the pixel density equally towards the high intensity levels so that uniform distribution of the pixels can be obtained and the image can be enhanced. We have shown the efficient use of this modified histogram for Content Based Image Retrieval. According to the CBIR system described in this paper each image is separated into R, G and B plane and for each plane a modified histogram is calculated. This modified histogram is partitioned into two parts by calculating the Center of gravity and using it 8 bins are formed on the basis of R, G and B values. These 8 bins are holding the count of pixels falling into particular range of intensity levels separated into two parts of the histogram. This count of pixels in 8 bins is used as feature vector of dimension 8 for comparison to facilitate the image retrieval process. Further these bins data is used to form the new variations of feature vectors ; Total (sum) and Mean of pixel intensities of all the pixels counted in each of the 8 bins. These feature vector variation has also produced good image retrieval. This paper compares the proposed system designed using the CG based partitioning of the original and histogram modified using the polynomial transform for formation of the 8 bins which are holding the Count of pixels and Total and Mean of intensities of these pixels. This CBIR system is tested using 200 query images from 20 different classes over database of 2000 BMP images. Query and database image feature vectors are compared using three similarity measures namely Euclidean distance, Cosine Correlation distance and Absolute distance. Performance of the system is evaluated using three parameters PRCP (Precision Recall Cross-over Point), LSRR (Length of String to Retrieve all Relevant images) and Longest String

Author 1: H B kekre

Author 2: Kavita Sonawane

Keywords: Polynomial Transform, Euclidean Distance, Cosine Correlation Distance, Absolute Distance, Modified Histogram, CG based partitioning, Bins formation, PRCP, LSRR, Longest String.

Paper 6: Defect Diagnosis in Rotors Systems by Vibrations Data Collectors Using Trending Software

Abstract: Vibration measurements have been used to reliably diagnose performance problems in machinery and related mechanical products. A vibration data collector can be used effectively to measure and analyze the machinery vibration content in gearboxes, engines, turbines, fans, compressors, pumps and bearings. Ideally, a machine will have little or no vibration, indicating that the rotating components are appropriately balanced, aligned, and well maintained. Quick analysis and assessment of the vibration content can lead to fault diagnosis and prognosis of a machine’s ability to continue running. The aim of this research used vibration measurements to pinpoint mechanical defects such as (unbalance, misalignment, resonance, and part loosening), consequently diagnosis all necessary process for engineers and technicians who desire to understand the vibration that exists in structures and machines.

Author 1: Hisham A. H. Al-Khazali

Author 2: Mohamad R. Askari2

Keywords: vibration data collectors; analysis software; rotating components.

Paper 7: Hybrid Denoising Method for Removal of Mixed Noise in Medical Images

Abstract: Nowadays, Digital image acquisition and processing techniques plays a very important role in current day medical diagnosis. During the acquisition process, there could be distortions in the images, which will negatively affect the diagnosis images. In this paper a new technique based on the hybridization of wavelet filter and center weighted median filters is proposed for denoising multiple noise (Gaussian and Impulse) images. The model is experimented on standard Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images and the performances are evaluated in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Universal Image Quality Index (UQI) and Evaluation Time (ET). Results prove that utilization of center weighted median filters in combination with wavelet thresholding filters on DICOM images deteriorates the performance. The proposed filter gives suitable results on the basis of PSNR, MSE, UQI and ET. In addition, the proposed filter gives nearly uniform and consistent results on all the test images.

Author 1: J UMAMAHESWARI

Author 2: Dr.G.RADHAMANI

Keywords: Gaussian noise, impulse noise, UQI, Wavelet filter, CWM, and hybrid approach.

Paper 8: A Discriminant Model of Network Anomaly Behavior Based on Fuzzy Temporal Inference

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide an active inference algorithm for anomalous behavior. As a main concept we introduce fuzzy temporal consistency covering set, and put forward a fuzzy temporal selection model based on temporal inference and covering technology. Fuzzy set is used to describe network anomaly behavior omen and character, as well as the relations between behavior omen and character. We set up a basic monitoring framework of anomalous behaviors by using causality inference of network behaviors, and then provide a recognition method of network anomaly behavior character based on hypothesis graph search. As shown in the example, the monitoring algorithm has certain reliability and operability.

Author 1: Ping He

Keywords: network anomaly behavior; anomalous omen; fuzzy temporal; set covering; hypothesis graph .

Paper 9: E-Participation Modeling and Developing with Trust for Decision Making Supplement Purpose

Abstract: ICT has been employed in various areas, including e-Participation to support citizen participation and achieve democracy ideal. Trust as a social behavior can be used as a method to model preferences and facilitate better participation and interaction in a decision making within a group of decision makers. In this paper we present literatures survey related to e-Participation and trust in computer science; we also proposed a Group Decision Support System model and application, which utilizes trust to support decisions in a collaborative team. In brief, the model is based on the synthesis of group members’ preferences following an appropriate aggregation procedure.

Author 1: Vitri Tundjungsari

Author 2: Jazi Eko Istiyanto

Author 3: Edi Winarko

Author 4: Retantyo Wardoyo

Keywords: e-Participation; trust; group decision making.

Paper 10: Algorithm design for a supply chain equilibrium management model

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a complementary model for the equilibrium management of supply chain. In order to give an optimal decision for the equilibrium management, we propose a new algorithm based on an estimate of the error bound. This algorithm requires neither the existence of a non-degenerate solution nor the non-singularity of the Jacobian matrix at the solution. We also prove the quadratic convergence of the given algorithm. It can be viewed as extensions of previously known results.

Author 1: Peimin Zhao

Keywords: Supply chain equilibrium management; complementary model; algorithm; quadratic convergence.

Paper 11: 2D Satellite Image Registration Using Transform Based and Correlation Based Methods

Abstract: Image registration is the process of geometrically aligning one image to another image of the same scene taken from different viewpoints or by different sensors. It is a fundamental image processing technique and is very useful in integrating information from different sensors, finding changes in images taken at different times and inferring three-dimensional information from stereo images. Image registration can be done by using two matching method: transform based methods and correlation based methods. When image registration is done using correlation based methods like normalized cross correlation, the results are slow. They are also computationally complex and sensitive to the image intensity changes which are caused by noise and varying illumination. In this paper, an unusual form of image registration is proposed which focuses upon using various transforms for fast and accurate image registration. The data set can be a set of photographs, data from various sensors, from different times, or from different viewpoints. The applications of image registration are in the field of computer vision, medical imaging, military automatic target recognition, and in analyzing images and data from satellites. The proposed technique works on satellite images. It tries to find out area of interest by comparing the unregistered image with source image and finding the part that has highest similarity matching. The paper mainly works on the concept of seeking water or land in the stored image. The proposed technique uses different transforms like Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, HAAR Transform and Walsh transform to achieve accurate image registration. The paper also focuses upon using normalized cross correlation as an area based technique of image registration for the purpose of comparison. The root mean square error is used as similarity measure. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can successfully register the template and can also process local distortion in high-resolution satellite images.

Author 1: H B kekre

Author 2: Dr. Tanuja K. Sarode

Author 3: Ms. Ruhina B. Karani

Keywords: Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT); Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT); HAAR Transform; Walsh transform Normalized Cross Correlation; Interst Point Area Extraction; Image Registration.

Paper 12: Validation of the IS Impact Model for Measuringthe Impact of e-Learning Systems in KSA Universities StudentPerspective

Abstract: The IS-Impact Measurement Model, developed by Gable, Sedera and Chan in 2008, represents the to-date and expected stream of net profits from a given information system (IS), as perceived by all major user classes. Although this model has been stringently validated in previous studies, its generalisability and verified effectiveness are enhanced through this new application in e-learning. This paper focuses on the re-validation of the findings of the IS-Impact Model in two universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Among the users of 2 universities e-learning systems, 528 students were recruited. A formative validation measurement with SmartPLS, a graphical structural equation modelling tool was used to analyse the collected data. On the basis of the SmartPLS results, as well as with the aid of data-supported IS impact measurements and dimensions, we confirmed the validity of the IS-Impact Model for assessing the effect of e-learning systems in KSA universities. The newly constructed model is more understandable, its use was proved as robust and applicable to various circumstances.

Author 1: Salem Alkhalaf,

Author 2: Steve Drew

Author 3: Anne Nguyen

Keywords: IS-Impact Model; e-learning systems; Saudi Arabia.

Paper 13: Effect Of A Video-Based Laboratory On The High School Pupils’ Understanding Of Constant Speed Motion

Abstract: Among the physical phenomena studied in high school, the kinematical concepts are important because they constitute a precondition for the study of subsequent concepts of mechanics. Our research aims at studying the effect of a computer-assisted scientific investigation on high school pupils’ understanding of the constant speed motion. Experimentation took place in a high school physics classroom. A repeated measures analysis of variance shows that, during the implementation of this strategy, the pupils’ understanding of kinematical concepts increased in a significant way. In conclusion, we specify advantages and limits of the study and give future research directions concerning the design of a computer-assisted laboratory in high school physics.

Author 1: Louis Trudel

Author 2: Abdeljalil Métioui

Keywords: speed; computer-assisted laboratory; understanding; high school; Rasch measurement.

Paper 14: QoS Parameters Investigations and Load Intensity Analysis, (A Case for Reengineered DCN)

Abstract: This paper presents the simulation results on Reengineered DCN model considering Quality of Service (QoS) parameters in a homogeneous network for enterprise web application support. To make it feasible for the computer aided design (CAD) tool, a complete and robust real performance assessment of simulation scenarios is considered. This paper deals with a performance measurement and evaluation of a number of homogeneous end-to-end (e2e) DCN subnets taking into account a wide range of statistics. An active measurement approach of QoS parameters has been adopted for the studying of proprieties we called concise process model QoS. This paper validates the performance of the Reengineered DCN through simulations with MATLAB SimEvent which presents efficient performance metrics for its deployment. Considering the model hierarchy in context, the results shows that with the design model, a highly scalable DCN will be achieved.

Author 1: Udeze Chidiebele. c

Author 2: H. C Inyiama

Author 3: Okafor Kennedy .c

Author 4: Dr C. C. Okezie

Keywords: QoS; DCN; Model; CAD; Homogenous; Process component.

Paper 15: Test Case Generation For Concurrent Object-Oriented Systems Using Combinational Uml Models

Abstract: Software testing is an important phase of software development to ensure the quality and reliability of the software. Due to some limitations of code based testing method, the researcher has been taken a new method to work upon UML model based testing. It is found that different UML model is having different coverage and capable of detecting different kinds of faults. Here we have taken combinational UML models to have better coverage and fault detection capability. Testing concurrent system is difficult task because due to concurrent interaction among the threads and the system results in test case explosion. In this paper we have presented an approach of generating test cases for concurrent systems using combinational UML models i.e. sequence diagram and activity diagram .Then a Sequence-Activity Graph (SAG) is constructed from these two diagrams. Then that graph is traversed to generate test cases which are able to minimize test case explosion.

Author 1: Swagatika Dalai

Author 2: Arup Abhinna Acharya

Author 3: Durga Prasad Mohapatra

Keywords: Software Maintenance; Regression Testing; Test case Prioritization.

Paper 16: Prioritizing Test Cases Using Business CriticalityTest Value

Abstract: Software maintenance is an important and costly activity of the software development lifecycle. Regression testing is the process of validating modifications introduced in a system during software maintenance. It is very inefficient to re-execute every test case in regression testing for small changes. This issue of retesting of software systems can be handled using a good test case prioritization technique. A prioritization technique schedules the test cases for execution so that the test cases with higher priority executed before lower priority. The objective of test case prioritization is to detect fault as early as possible. Early fault detection can provide a faster feedback generating a scope for debuggers to carry out their task at an early stage. Model Based Prioritization has an edge over Code Based Prioritization techniques. The issue of dynamic changes that occur during the maintenance phase of software development can only be addressed by maintaining statistical data for system models, change models and fault models. In this paper we present a novel approach for test case prioritization by evaluating the Business Criticality Value (BCV) of the various functions present in the software using the statistical data. Then according to the business criticality value of various functions present in the change and fault model we prioritize the test cases are prioritized.

Author 1: Sonali Khandai

Author 2: Arup Abhinna Acharya

Author 3: Durga Prasad Mohapatra

Keywords: Software Maintenance; Regression Testing; Test case Prioritization; Business Criticality.

Paper 17: A Novel Approach for Troubleshooting Microprocessor based Systems using An Object Oriented Expert System

Abstract: The paper presents an object oriented fault diagnostic expert system framework which analyses observations from the unit under test when fault occurs and infers the causes of failures. The frame work is characterized by two basic features. The first includes a fault diagnostic strategy which utilizes the fault classification and checks knowledge about unit under test. The fault classification knowledge reduces the complexity in fault diagnosis by partitioning the fault section. The second characteristic is object oriented inference mechanism using backward chaining with message passing within objects. The refractoriness and recency property of inference mechanism improve efficiency in fault diagnosis. The developed framework demonstrates its effectiveness and superiority compared to earlier approaches

Author 1: D V Kodavade

Author 2: S.D.Apte

Keywords: Inference mechanism; object; Fault diagnosis.

Paper 18: Countermeasure for Round Trip Delay Which Occurs in Between Satellite and Ground with Software Network Accelerator

Abstract: Countermeasure for round trip delay which occurs in between satellite and ground with network accelerator is investigated together with operating system dependency on effectiveness of accelerator. Also disaster relief data transmission experiments are conducted for mitigation of disaster together with acceleration of disaster related data transmission between local government and disaster prevention center. Disaster relief information including remote sensing satellite images and information from the disaster occurred areas to local government for creation of evacuation information is accelerated so that it becomes possible to send them to the residents in the suffered areas due to disaster through data broadcasting in the digital TV channel.

Author 1: Kohei Arai

Keywords: IP comunication through Internet Satellite; WINDS; software accerelator.

Paper 19: : Bridging content’s quality between the participative web and the physical world

Abstract: web 2.0 and its applications spread widely among internet users. Taking advantage of the easy, the friendly and the rich user interfaces. As consequence, the creation and the production of content become available to anyone. The ordinary user has step forward toward being a producer rather than remaining passive consumer. With this usage shifting, a new concern emerged: the quality of the User-Generated Content UGC or the User-Created Content UCC. Our team has developed a new concept of a Framework for managing the quality of the validated content in the participative web based on the evaluation of content’s quality during its lifetime on the web. As continuation of our work, we will present a concept of extending the quality assessment of UGC or UCC into the real world by creating a bridge between digital content and its homologue in the physical world (e.g. printed version …). We will combine existing technologies such as QR codes or RFID in order to perform the linking between the digital and the physical content. This approach well offers the possibility of following the quality of UGC or UCC; and eventually evaluates it; even in hard copies. The evaluation and the assessment of physical content originated from digital content generated through web 2.0 applications will be done in real-time. The proposed approach is implemented to our framework by integrating the features into the UML diagrams in the Blog case.

Author 1: Anouar Abtoy

Author 2: Noura Aknin

Author 3: Boubker Sbihi

Keywords: Collaborative web; content management; digital content; physical content.

Paper 20: Energy Efficient Clustering and Cluster Head Rotation Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: Wireless sensor nodes are highly energy constrained devices. They have limited battery life due to various constraints of sensor nodes such as size and cost, etc. Moreover, most of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications render it impossible to charge or replace the battery of sensor nodes. Therefore, optimal use of node energy is a major challenge in wireless sensor networks. Clustering of sensor nodes is an effective method to use the node energy optimally and prolong the lifetime of energy constrained wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a location based protocol for WSN- supporting an energy efficient clustering, cluster head selection/rotation and data routing method to prolong the lifetime of sensor network. Proposed clustering protocol ensures balanced size cluster formation within the sensing field with least number of transmit-receive operations. Cluster head rotation protocol ensures balanced dissipation of node energy despite the non-uniform energy requirements of cluster head and sensor nodes in a cluster. The cluster head rotation protocol has been proposed to achieve the balanced energy consumption among the nodes within the cluster thus prolonging the lifetime of network Simulation results demonstrate that proposed protocol prolongs network lifetime due to the use of efficient clustering, cluster head selection/rotation and data routing.

Author 1: Ashok Kumar

Author 2: Vinod Kumar

Author 3: Narottam Chand

Keywords: Corona; clusters;cluster head; sink; network lifetime.

Paper 21: An hybrid method for the Arabic queries disambiguation to improve the relevance calculation in the IRS

Abstract: In the information systems, the query’s expansion brings more benefices in the relevant documents extraction. However, the current expansion types are focused on the retrieve of the maximum of documents (reduce the silence). In Arabic, the queries are derived in many morphosemantical variants. Hence the diversity of the semantic interpretations that often creates a problem of ambiguity. Our objective is to prepare the Arabic request before its introduction to the document retrieval system. This type of preparation is based on pretreatment which makes morphological changes to the query by separating affixes of the words. Then, present all of morphosemantical derivatives as a first step to the lexical audit agent, and check the consistency between the words by the context parser. Finally we present a new method of semantic similarity based on the equivalence probability calculation between two words.

Author 1: Adil ENAANAI

Author 2: Aziz SDIGUI DOUKKALI

Author 3: El habib BENLAHMER

Keywords: Relevance; Information research; Similarity; Semantic gene; Arab treatment.

Paper 22: Dynamics of Mandelbrot set with Transcendental Function

Abstract: These days Mandelbrot set with transcendental function is an interesting area for mathematicians. New equations have been created for Mandelbrot set using trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions. Earlier, Ishikawa iteration has been applied to these equations and generate new fractals named as Relative Superior Mandelbrot Set with transcendental function. In this paper, the Mann iteration is being applied on Mandelbrot set with sine function i.e. sin(zn)+c and new fractals with the concept of Superior Transcendental Mandelbrot Set will be shown. Our goal is to focus on the less number of iterations which are required to obtain fixed point of function sin(zn)+c.

Author 1: Shafali Agarwal

Author 2: Gunjan Srivastava

Author 3: Dr. Ashish Negi

Keywords: Superior Transcendental Mandelbrot Set; Mann iteration; fixed point; Escape Criteria.

Paper 23: Creating a Complete Model of an Intrusion Detection System effective on the LAN

Abstract: the Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are now an essential component in the structure of network security. The logs of connections and network activity, with a large amount of information, can be used to detect intrusions. Despite the development of new technologies of information and communication following the advent of the Internet and networks, computer security has become a major challenge, and works in this research are becoming more numerous. Various tools and mechanisms are developed to ensure a level of security to meet the demands of modern life. Among the systems, intrusion detection for identifying abnormal behavior or suspicious activities to undermine the legitimate operation of the system. The objective of this paper is the design and implementation of a comprehensive architecture of IDS in a network.

Author 1: Yousef FARHAOUI

Author 2: Ahmed ASIMI

Keywords: Intrusion Detection System; Characteristic; Architecture; modele.

Paper 24: Rotation-Invariant Neural Pattern Recognition System Using Extracted Descriptive Symmetrical Patterns

Abstract: In this paper a novel rotation-invariant neural-based pattern recognition system is proposed. The system incorporates a new image preprocessing technique to extract rotation-invariant descriptive patterns from the shapes. The proposed system applies a three phase algorithm on the shape image to extract the rotation-invariant pattern. First, the orientation angle of the shape is calculated using a newly developed shape orientation technique. The technique is effective, computationally inexpensive and can be applied to shapes with several non-equally separated axes of symmetry. A simple method to calculate the average angle of the shape’s axes of symmetry is defined. In this technique, only the first moment of inertia is considered to reduce the computational cost. In the second phase, the image is rotated using a simple rotation technique to adapt its orientation angle to any specific reference angle. Finally in the third phase, the image preprocessor creates a symmetrical pattern about the axis with the calculated orientation angle and the perpendicular axis on it. Performing this operation in both the neural network training and application phases, ensures that the test rotated patterns will enter the network in the same position as in the training. Three different approaches were used to create the symmetrical patterns from the shapes. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is very effective and provide a recognition rate up to 99.5%.

Author 1: YRehab F Abdel-Kader

Author 2: Rabab M. Ramadan

Author 3: Fayez W. Zaki

Author 4: Emad El-Sayed

Keywords: Rotation-Invariant;Pattern Recognition;Edge Detection;Shape Orientation;Image processing.

Paper 25: An Evaluation of IFC-CityGML Unidirectional Conversion

Abstract: Interoperability between building information models (BIM) and geographic information models has a strong potential to bring benefit to different demands in construction analysis, urban planning, homeland security and other applications. Therefore, different research and commercial efforts have been initiated to integrate the most prominent semantic models in BIM and geospatial applications. These semantic models are the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) respectively. However, these efforts mainly: a) use a unidirectional approach (mostly from IFC to CityGML) for converting data, or b) Extending CityGML by conceptual requirements for converting CityGML to IFC models. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential of unidirectional conversion between IFC and CityGML. The different IFC concepts and its corresponding concepts in CityGML is studied and evaluated. The investigation goes beyond building objects, also including other concepts that are represented implicitly in building schemas such as building objects relations, hierarchies of building objects, appearance and other building characteristics. Due to the large semantic differences between IFC and CityGML standards, the schema mapping is based on a manual pragmatic approach without automatic procedures. The mappings are classified into three categories, namely ‘full matching’, ‘partial matching’ and ‘no matching’. The result of the study shows that only a few concepts are classified as ‘direct matching’, a few as well as ‘no matching’ while most of the building concepts are classified as ‘partial matching’. It is concluded that unidirectional approaches cannot translate all the needed concepts from both IFC and CityGML standards. Instead, we propose a meta-based unified building model, based on both standards, which shows a high potential for overcoming the shortages of the unidirectional conversion approaches.

Author 1: Mohamed El-Mekawy

Author 2: Anders Östman b

Author 3: Ihab Hijazi c

Keywords: IFC; CityGML; UBM; Evaluation; Unidirectional.

Paper 26: Growing Cloud Computing Efficiency

Abstract: Cloud computing is basically altering the expectation for how and when computing, storage and networking assets should be allocated, managed and devoted. End-users are progressively more sensitive in response time of services they ingest. Service Developers wish for the Service Providers to make sure or give the ability for dynamically assigning and managing resources in respond to alter the demand patterns in real-time. Ultimately, Service Providers are under anxiety to build their infrastructure to facilitate real-time end-to-end visibility and energetic resource management with well grained control to decrease total cost of tenure for improving quickness. What is required to rethink of the underlying operating system and management infrastructure to put up the on-going renovation of data centre from the traditional server-centric architecture model to a cloud or network centric model? This paper projects and describes a indication model for a network centric data centre infrastructure management heap that make use of it and validates key ideas that have enabled dynamism, the quality of being scalable, reliability and security in the telecommunication industry to the computing engineering. Finally, the paper will explain a proof of concept classification that was implemented to show how dynamic resource management can be enforced to enable real-time service guarantee for network centric data centre architecture.

Author 1: Dr. Mohamed F AlAjmi

Author 2: Dr. Arun Sharma Head

Author 3: Shakir Khan

Keywords: Cloud Computing; Data centre; Distributed Computing; Virtualization; data centre architecture.