IJARAI Volume 2 Issue 12

Paper 1: Method for Aureole Estimation Refinement Through Comparisons Between Observed Aureole and Estimated Aureole Based on Monte Carlo Ray Tracing

Abstract: Method for aureole estimation refinement through comparisons between observed aureole and estimated aureole based on Monte Carlo Ray Tracing: MCRT is proposed. Through some experiments, it is found that the proposed method does work for refinement of aureole estimation. The experimental results also show the proposed method is validated through comparison with empirical aureole estimation equation which is proposed by Shebrooke University research group.

Author 1: Kohei Arai

Keywords: Monte Carlo method; Ray tracing method; Aureole; aerosol; optical depth; solar diffuse; solar direct

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Paper 2: Multifidus Muscle Volume Estimation Based on Three Dimensional Wavelet Multi Resolution Analysis: MRA with Buttocks Computer-Tomography: CT Images

Abstract: Multi-Resolution Analysis:. MRA based edge detection algorithm is proposed for estimation of volume of multifidus muscle in the Computer Tomography: CT scanned image The volume of multifidus muscle would be a good measure for metabolic syndrome rather than internal fat from a point of view from processing complexity. The proposed measure shows 0.178 of R square which corresponds to mutual correlation between internal fat and the volume of multifidus muscle. It is also fund that R square between internal fat and the other possible measures shows smaller than that of multifidus muscle.

Author 1: Kohei Arai

Keywords: Edge detection; MRA; Multifidus muscle

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Paper 3: Discrimination Method between Prolate and Oblate Shapes of Leaves Based on Polarization Characteristics Measured with Polarization Film Attached Cameras

Abstract: Method for discrimination between prolate and oblate shapes of leaves based on polarization characteristics is proposed Method for investigation of polarization characteristics of leaves by means of Monte Carlo Ray Tracing: MCRT is also proposed. Validity of the proposed discrimination method is confirmed with MCRT simulations. Also field experiments are conducted. Through field experiments at the tea estates situated in Saga prefecture, a validity of the proposed method is confirmed. Also discrimination between prolate and oblate shapes of leaves is attempted. The results show that the proposed method is valid and discrimination can be performed.

Author 1: Kohei Arai

Keywords: polarization; Monte Carlo Ray Tracing; prolate and oblate shapes of leaves

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Paper 4: Experimental Approach of Reflectance Based Vicarious Calibration Method for Solar Reflectance Wavelength Region of Sensor Onboard Remote Sensing Satellites

Abstract: Experimental approach of reflectance based vicarious calibration of solar reflectance wavelength region of mission instruments onboard remote sensing satellites is conducted. As an example, vicarious calibration of ASTER/VNIR with estimated aerosol refractive index and size distribution that depends on atmospheric conditions is discussed. Strange solution of estimated refractive index and size distribution may occurred due to the fact that solution fell into one of local minima in the inversion process for phase function fitting between measured and estimated with assumed refractive index and size distribution. This paper describes atmospheric conditions that may induce such a situation. Namely, it may occur when the atmospheric optical depth is too thin and or Junge parameter is too small. In such case, refractive index and size distribution estimation accuracy is poor. A relation between refractive index and size distribution estimation accuracy and estimation accuracy of the Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) radiance (vicarious calibration accuracy) is also clarified in particular for ASTER/VNIR vicarious calibration. It is found that 10% of the refractive index and size distribution estimation error causes approximately 1.3% of TOA radiance estimation error.

Author 1: Kohei Arai

Keywords: Vicarious calibration; Top of Atmosphere Radiance, At sensor Radiance; refractive index; size distribution; Junge parameter; optical depth

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Paper 5: Sensitivity Analysis and Error Analysis of Reflectance Based Vicarious Calibration with Estimated Aerosol Refractive Index and Size Distribution Derived from Measured Solar Direct and Diffuse Irradiance as well as Measured Surface Reflectance

Abstract: Sensitivity analysis and error of reflectance based vicarious calibration with estimated aerosol refractive index and size distribution derived from measured solar direct and diffuse irradiance as well as measured surface reflectance is conducted for solar reflective channels of mission instruments onboard remote sensing satellites. Through these error analyses, it is found that the most influencing factor is surface reflectance. The most significant 75 to 91% of vicarious calibration coefficients error is due to surface reflectance followed by atmospheric optical depth and Junge parameter. Therefore, we have to care about surface reflectance measuring accuracy followed by atmospheric optical depth (aerosol refractive index, and water vapor and ozone absorption) and Junge parameter (aerosol size distribution). As a conclusion, it is confirmed that surface reflectance is most influencing factor on TOA radiance. When the atmospheric optical depth is small, then Junge parameter is influencing.

Author 1: Kohei Arai

Keywords: Vicarious calibration; Top of Atmosphere Radiance; At sensor Radiance; refractive index; size distribution; Junge parameter; optical depth

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Paper 6: Contradiction Resolution of Competitive and Input Neurons to Improve Prediction and Visualization Performance

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new type of informationtheoretic method to resolve the contradiction observed in competitive and input neurons. For competitive neurons, contradiction between self-evaluation (individuality) and outer-evaluation (collectivity) exists, which is reduced to realize the self-organizing maps. For input neurons, there exists contradiction between the use of many and few input neurons. We try to realize a situation where as many input neurons as possible are used, and at the same time, another where only a few input neurons are used. This contradictory situation can be resolved by viewing input neurons on different levels, namely, the individual and average level. We applied contradiction resolution to two data sets, namely, the Japanese short term economy survey (Tankan) and Dollar-Yen exchange rates. In both data sets, we succeeded in improving the prediction performance. Many input neurons were used on average, but a few input neurons were only taken for each input pattern. In addition, connection weights were condensed into a small number of distinct groups for better prediction and interpretation performance.

Author 1: Ryotaro Kamimura

Keywords: contradiction resolution; self- and outer-evaluation; visualization; self-organizing maps; dependent input neuron selection

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Paper 7: Evolving Software Effort Estimation Models Using Multigene Symbolic Regression Genetic Programming

Abstract: Software has played an essential role in engineering, economic development, stock market growth and military applications. Mature software industry count on highly predictive software effort estimation models. Correct estimation of software effort lead to correct estimation of budget and development time. It also allows companies to develop appropriate time plan for marketing campaign. Now a day it became a great challenge to get these estimates due to the increasing number of attributes which affect the software development life cycle. Software cost estimation models should be able to provide sufficient confidence on its prediction capabilities. Recently, Computational Intelligence (CI) paradigms were explored to handle the software effort estimation problem with promising results. In this paper we evolve two new models for software effort estimation using Multigene Symbolic Regression Genetic Programming (GP). One model utilizes the Source Line Of Code (SLOC) as input variable to estimate the Effort (E); while the second model utilize the Inputs, Outputs, Files, and User Inquiries to estimate the Function Point (FP). The proposed GP models show better estimation capabilities compared to other reported models in the literature. The validation results are accepted based Albrecht data set.

Author 1: Sultan Aljahdali

Author 2: Alaa Sheta

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