A Proposed IoT System for Monitoring and Controlling Movable Zamzam Tanks in the Holy Mosque

Zamzam water is very important for all Muslims worldwide, especially for Pilgrims and Umrah performers who are visiting the two holy mosques in Saudi Arabia. Many movable Zamzam tanks are dispersed in many places of the two holy mosques. These tanks are available for pilgrims and visitors for drinking. When the two holy mosques are crowded, visitors want to know the locations of the nearest filled Zamzam tanks. Administrators and operators also need to monitor tank statuses for performing necessary logistics operations. In this study, we proposed a novel IoT system for automating, monitoring, and controlling water levels in Zamzam tanks in the two holy mosques. The proposed system modifies the existing Zamzam tanks’ architecture to be smart tanks. The proposed system is analyzed, modeled, simulated, and discussed. Simulation and discussion show that the system is very useful for administrators, operators, and holy mosque visitors as it saves time, decreases efforts, automates logistics, and increases productivity. The system is very important for stakeholders, especially in crowded seasons. The performance metrics indicate that the proposed system is scalable with minimal delay and higher throughput. Also, the proposed system can participate in the digitalization of the two holy mosques, achieving the Saudi Vision 2030.

@article{Mohamed2025,
  title     = {A Proposed IoT System for Monitoring and Controlling Movable Zamzam Tanks in the Holy Mosque},
  journal   = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
  volume    = {16},
  number    = {11},
  year      = {2025},
  publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
  author    = {Taha M. Mohamed},
  doi       = {10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0161113},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0161113}
}