Performance Evaluation of Software Multi-Threshold Decoders for Self-Orthogonal Codes in Modern Broadband Wireless Communication Systems

5G and Internet of Things (IoT) wireless systems face challenges to reliable data transmission due to multipath fading, intersymbol interference, and the need for low-complexity Forward Error Correction (FEC). Conventional FEC techniques, such as Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) and turbo codes, provide high reliability but are unsuitable for resource-constrained IoT devices due to high decoding complexity. The aim of this study is to evaluate Multi-Threshold Decoders (MTDs) applied to Self-Orthogonal Codes (SOCs) as a low-complexity FEC solution in Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems with Space–Time Coding (STC). The systems are modeled under ITU-R (Outdoor A, TU6, RA6) and 3GPP Spatial Channel Model (Urban Macro/Micro) fading environments and compared with LDPC (WiMAX, DVB-S2) and turbo codes in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), decoder complexity, antenna diversity, modulation order, and throughput. Results indicate that SOC+MTD outperform short LDPC and turbo codes under deep fading while achieving reliability comparable to long LDPC codes at significantly lower decoding complexity. Min-sum refinement and approximate Maximum-Likelihood (ML) detection provide up to 2 dB additional SNR gain, and 1×3 antenna diversity reduces required Eb/N₀ by ~7 dB at BER = 10⁻⁵. Higher-order modulations such as 8PSK and 16APSK achieve 1.5–2× higher bit rates with moderate SNR penalties, while Open Computing Language (OpenCL) based Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) acceleration enables a 32-fold increase in simulation speed. These findings demonstrate that SOCs decoded with MTD represent a promising low-complexity, high-reliability FEC approach for 5G and IoT physical layers.

@article{Tashatov2025,
  title     = {Performance Evaluation of Software Multi-Threshold Decoders for Self-Orthogonal Codes in Modern Broadband Wireless Communication Systems},
  journal   = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
  volume    = {16},
  number    = {11},
  year      = {2025},
  publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
  author    = {Nurlan Tashatov and Gennady Ovechkin and Zhuldyz Sailaukyzy and Eldor Egamberdiyev and Dina Satybaldina and Gulmira Danenova and Zarina Khassenova},
  doi       = {10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0161134},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0161134}
}