Abstract: The increasing interconnectivity of smart grids exposes critical energy infrastructure to more sophisticated cyber threats, necessitating adaptable and auditable security measures. This study presents a blockchain-enabled, self-improving intrusion detection system (IDS) that integrates a permissioned blockchain, autonomous governance loops, and a hybrid CNN–LSTM detector. The platform retrains models across federated nodes using blockchain-anchored data, facilitates automatic containment through smart contracts, and permanently stores validated alarms. Following multiple self-improvement cycles, the system enhances its performance from an initial 94.5% accuracy and 4.2% false positive rate (FPR) to 98.1% accuracy, a 97.6% detection rate (recall), and a 2.1% FPR in simulated tests. In comparison to baselines, a blockchain-only IDS recorded 94.1% accuracy with a 4.8% FPR, while a conventional machine learning-based IDS achieved 92.7% accuracy with a 5.4% FPR. Operationally, blockchain anchoring provided a throughput of approximately 1,200 transactions per second with an average transaction latency of about 1.5 seconds. The combined detect-to-contain latency for high-severity events was approximately 3.2 seconds. These findings demonstrate that a scalable, low-FPR, and rapid-response security paradigm for modern smart grids can be achieved by integrating adaptive artificial intelligence with decentralized, robust governance.

Brinal Colaco and Nazneen Ansari. “Autonomous Blockchain-Enabled Security Framework for Smart Grids Using Adaptive AI”. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA) 16.12 (2025). http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0161276

@article{Colaco2025,
title = {Autonomous Blockchain-Enabled Security Framework for Smart Grids Using Adaptive AI},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
doi = {10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0161276},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0161276},
year = {2025},
publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
author = {Brinal Colaco and Nazneen Ansari}
}