An Incremental LSTM Ensemble for Online Intrusion Detection in Software-Defined Networks

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) promises flexible control of network flows but also exposes controllers to rapidly shifting attack surfaces. Conventional intrusion-detection engines, trained once and deployed statically, falter when traffic patterns drift. We introduce an adaptive intrusion detection system that couples a mini-batch incremental learning scheme with a five-member ensemble of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) classifiers. Each model trains on successive data partitions drawn from the InSDN dataset, while a lightweight tracker monitors accuracy and “age.” A weighted-voting rule penalizing stale models in proportion to their lifetime lets the ensemble down-rank obsolete learners without full retraining. When the tracker flags slippage, only the most dated models are refreshed, limiting computational load and preserving service continuity. Across four streaming iterations, the system sustains a mean detection accuracy of 95.8% and a 3.2% false-positive rate, recovering quickly from concept drift that drives individual models to baseline performance. Comparative analysis against three recent SDN IDS baselines shows improvements of up to 14 percentage points in accuracy and 0.48 in F-score, without sacrificing latency (≈50 ms). These results indicate that modest, well-timed retraining rather than continual online updates can keep an SDN IDS both nimble and efficient. The approach offers a practical roadmap for securing programmable networks that evolve by the hour.

@article{Basfar2025,
  title     = {An Incremental LSTM Ensemble for Online Intrusion Detection in Software-Defined Networks},
  journal   = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
  volume    = {16},
  number    = {9},
  year      = {2025},
  publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
  author    = {Raed Basfar and Mohamed Y. Dahab and Abdullah Marish Ali and Fathy Eassa and Kholoud Bajunaied},
  doi       = {10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0160939},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0160939}
}