Meta-Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Works in Ubiquitous Learning Environments and Technologies

Ubiquitous learning (u-learning) refers to anytime and anywhere learning. U-learning has progressed to be considered a conventional teaching and learning approach in schools and is adopted to continue with the school curriculum when learners cannot attend schools for face-to-face lessons. Computer Science, namely the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents tools and techniques to support the growth of u-learning and provide recommendations and insights to academic practitioners and AI researchers. Aim: The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of Artificial Intelligence works in ubiquitous learning environments and technologies to present state from the plethora of research. Method: The mining of related articles was devised according to the technique of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The complement of included research articles was sourced from the broadly used databases, namely, Science Direct, Springer Link, Semantic Scholar, Academia, and IEEE. Results: A total of 16 scientific research publications were shortlisted for this study from 330 articles identified through database searching. Using random-effects model, the estimated pooled estimate of artificial intelligence works in ubiquitous learning environments and technologies reported was 10% (95% CI: 3%, 22%; I2 = 99.46%, P = 0.00) which indicates the presence of considerable heterogeneity. Conclusion: It can be concluded based on the experimental results from the sub group analysis that machine learning studies [18% (95% CI: 11%, 25%), I2 = 99.83%] was considerably more heterogeneous (I2 = 99.83%) than intelligent decision support systems, intelligent systems and educational data mining. However, this does not mean that intelligent decision support systems, intelligent systems and educational data mining is not efficient.

@article{Sam2020,
  title     = {Meta-Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Works in Ubiquitous Learning Environments and Technologies},
  journal   = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
  volume    = {11},
  number    = {9},
  year      = {2020},
  publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
  author    = {Caitlin Sam and Nalindren Naicker and Mogiveny Rajkoomar},
  doi       = {10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110971},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110971}
}