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Copyright Statement: This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, even commercially as long as the original work is properly cited.
Three Layer Authentications with a Spiral Block Mapping to Prove Authenticity in Medical Images
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) : 10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0130425
Article Published in International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), Volume 13 Issue 4, 2022.
Abstract: Digital medical image has a potential to be manipulated by unauthorized persons due to advanced communication technology. Verifying integrity and authenticity have become important issues on the medical image. This paper proposed a self-embedding watermark using a spiral block mapping for tamper detection and restoration. The block-based coding with the size of 3×3 was applied to perform self-embedding watermark with two authentication bits and seven recovery bits. The authentication bits are obtained from a set of condition between sub-block and block image, and the parity bits of each sub-block. The authentication bits and the recovery bits are embedded in the least significant bits using the proposed spiral block mapping. The recovery bits are embedded into different sub-blocks based on a spiral block mapping. The watermarked images were tested under various tampered images such as blurred image, unsharp-masking, copy-move, mosaic, noise, removal, and sharpening. The experimental results show that the scheme achieved a PSNR value of about 51.29 dB and a SSIM value of about 0.994 on the watermarked image. The scheme showed tamper localization with accuracy of 93.8%. In addition, the proposed scheme does not require external information to perform recovery bits. The proposed scheme was able to recover the tampered image with a PSNR value of 40.45 dB and a SSIM value of 0.994.
Keywords: Fragile watermarking; self-embedding; image authentication; self-recovery; medical image; spiral block mapping
Ferda Ernawan, Afrig Aminuddin, Danakorn Nincarean, Mohd Faizal Ab Razak and Ahmad Firdaus, “Three Layer Authentications with a Spiral Block Mapping to Prove Authenticity in Medical Images” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 13(4), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0130425
@article{Ernawan2022,
title = {Three Layer Authentications with a Spiral Block Mapping to Prove Authenticity in Medical Images},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
doi = {10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0130425},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0130425},
year = {2022},
publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
author = {Ferda Ernawan and Afrig Aminuddin and Danakorn Nincarean and Mohd Faizal Ab Razak and Ahmad Firdaus}
}
