Fortifying Against Cyber Fraud: Instrument Development with the Protection Motivation Theory

Cybersecurity has become a trending topic in this technological era. Crimes keep happening in this medium and bring challenges for researchers and IT professionals worldwide to find the best solution to overcome this issue. Crimes primarily related to fraud on e-services have become a red alert that needs to be a concern for netizens. Instead of simply believing in the human-created network and system, individuals or users should acquire and implement protective behaviours for themselves. Thus, a few factors such as source credibility, perceived value of data, wishful thinking, perceived threat severity, perceived threat vulnerability, maladaptive rewards, and response efficacy have been investigated in this study, and the Protection Motivation Theory is used to counter cybersecurity issues faced by users. A tool has been created to facilitate the collection of empirical data necessary for verifying the proposed model. Analysis such as Content validity index (CVI) and Scale-level CVI (S-CVI) have been used to validate the item. The findings indicate that one of the items does not meet the criteria, however, it has been suggested by experts to revise and make it comprehensible to use for the main study. This paper also includes a discussion part regarding the implications of the experts' evaluation. This study, in particular, can help boost the understanding of cyber fraud and the proper methods, a user can employ to avoid becoming a victim.

@article{Ghazali2023,
  title     = {Fortifying Against Cyber Fraud: Instrument Development with the Protection Motivation Theory},
  journal   = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
  volume    = {14},
  number    = {10},
  year      = {2023},
  publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
  author    = {Norhasyimatul Naquiah Ghazali and Syahida Hassan and Rahayu Ahmad},
  doi       = {10.14569/IJACSA.2023.0141055},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2023.0141055}
}