The Science and Information (SAI) Organization
  • Home
  • About Us
  • Journals
  • Conferences
  • Contact Us

Publication Links

  • IJACSA
  • Author Guidelines
  • Publication Policies
  • Digital Archiving Policy
  • Promote your Publication
  • Metadata Harvesting (OAI2)

IJACSA

  • About the Journal
  • Call for Papers
  • Editorial Board
  • Author Guidelines
  • Submit your Paper
  • Current Issue
  • Archives
  • Indexing
  • Fees/ APC
  • Reviewers
  • Apply as a Reviewer

IJARAI

  • About the Journal
  • Archives
  • Indexing & Archiving

Special Issues

  • Home
  • Archives
  • Proposals
  • Guest Editors
  • SUSAI-EE 2025
  • ICONS-BA 2025
  • IoT-BLOCK 2025

Future of Information and Communication Conference (FICC)

  • Home
  • Call for Papers
  • Submit your Paper/Poster
  • Register
  • Venue
  • Contact

Computing Conference

  • Home
  • Call for Papers
  • Submit your Paper/Poster
  • Register
  • Venue
  • Contact

Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys)

  • Home
  • Call for Papers
  • Submit your Paper/Poster
  • Register
  • Venue
  • Contact

Future Technologies Conference (FTC)

  • Home
  • Call for Papers
  • Submit your Paper/Poster
  • Register
  • Venue
  • Contact
  • Home
  • Call for Papers
  • Editorial Board
  • Guidelines
  • Submit
  • Current Issue
  • Archives
  • Indexing
  • Fees
  • Reviewers
  • Subscribe

DOI: 10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150432
PDF

A Cost-Effective IoT-based Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Proof-of-Concept Design and Evaluation

Author 1: Ahmad O. Alokaily
Author 2: Meshael J. Almansour
Author 3: Ahmed A. Aldohbeyb
Author 4: Suhail S. Alshahrani

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), Volume 15 Issue 4, 2024.

  • Abstract and Keywords
  • How to Cite this Article
  • {} BibTeX Source

Abstract: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) systems have been extensively used as a noninvasive and non-pharmaceutical approach for pain management and rehabilitation programs. Moreover, recent advances in telemedicine applications and the Internet of Things (IoT) have led to an increased interest in developing affordable systems that facilitate the remote monitoring of home-based therapeutic programs that help quantify usage and adherence, especially in clinical trials and research. Therefore, this study introduces the design and proof of concept validation of an IoT-enabled, cost-effective, single-channel TENS for remote monitoring of stimulation parameters. The presented prototype features programmable software that supports manipulating the stimulation parameters such as stimulation patterns, pulse width, and frequency. This flexibility can help researchers substantially investigate the effect of different stimulation parameters and develop subject-specific stimulation protocols. The IoT-based TENS system was built using commercial-grade electronic components controlled with open-source software. The system was validated for generating low-frequency (10 Hz) and high-frequency TENS stimulation (100 Hz). The developed system could produce constant biphasic pulses with an adjustable compliance voltage of 5–32 V. The stimulation current corresponding to the applied voltage was quantified across a resistive load of 1 kΩ, resulting in a stimulation current of approximately 4.88–28.79 mA. Furthermore, synchronizing the TENS system with an IoT platform provided the advantage of monitoring the usage and important stimulation parameters, which could greatly benefit healthcare providers. Hence, the proposed system discussed herein has the potential to be used in education, research, and clinics to investigate the effect of TENS devices in a variety of applications outside of the clinical setup.

Keywords: Electro-stimulator; Internet of Things; TENS; pain management; smart health; IoT; telemedicine

Ahmad O. Alokaily, Meshael J. Almansour, Ahmed A. Aldohbeyb and Suhail S. Alshahrani, “A Cost-Effective IoT-based Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Proof-of-Concept Design and Evaluation” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 15(4), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150432

@article{Alokaily2024,
title = {A Cost-Effective IoT-based Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Proof-of-Concept Design and Evaluation},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
doi = {10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150432},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150432},
year = {2024},
publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
author = {Ahmad O. Alokaily and Meshael J. Almansour and Ahmed A. Aldohbeyb and Suhail S. Alshahrani}
}



Copyright Statement: This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, even commercially as long as the original work is properly cited.

IJACSA

Upcoming Conferences

IntelliSys 2025

28-29 August 2025

  • Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Future Technologies Conference 2025

6-7 November 2025

  • Munich, Germany

Healthcare Conference 2026

21-22 May 2026

  • Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Computing Conference 2026

9-10 July 2026

  • London, United Kingdom

IntelliSys 2026

3-4 September 2026

  • Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Computer Vision Conference 2026

15-16 October 2026

  • Berlin, Germany
The Science and Information (SAI) Organization
BACK TO TOP

Computer Science Journal

  • About the Journal
  • Call for Papers
  • Submit Paper
  • Indexing

Our Conferences

  • Computing Conference
  • Intelligent Systems Conference
  • Future Technologies Conference
  • Communication Conference

Help & Support

  • Contact Us
  • About Us
  • Terms and Conditions
  • Privacy Policy

© The Science and Information (SAI) Organization Limited. All rights reserved. Registered in England and Wales. Company Number 8933205. thesai.org