Determination of Pre Coding Elements and Activities for a Pre Coding Program Model for Kindergarten Children Using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM)

Computational thinking (CT) skills are becoming increasingly crucial in education, particularly in early childhood education. Pre coding, which involves hands-on activities with real objects, has been shown to be quite effective in fostering kindergarten children's computational skills. Pre coding, on the other hand, is essential for boosting children’s CT skills, but teachers frequently lack the information necessary to teach these skills successfully. Their successful adoption is hampered by the early childhood education community's lack of interest in CT skills and the sparse application of pre coding techniques. In order to help kindergarten instructors incorporate pre coding into their teaching and learning, this study focuses on defining the elements and activities described in a pre-coding program model. The study reviewed and compiled a list of prior literature’s pre coding elements and activities. Subsequently, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was utilised to refine and validate these elements and activities. Finally, the data collected from 11 selected experts relevant to this field of study were analysed using FDM to examine consensus. The results showed that the eight identified elements and 24 pre coding activities fulfilled the following required criteria: a threshold value (d) of lower than or equal to 0.2, an agreement percentage over 75%, and a fuzzy score value (A) higher than 0.5. These findings demonstrated the suitability of the identified pre coding elements and activities for integration into a pre coding program model for kindergarten children. In summary, this study provides valuable guidance for kindergarten teachers in implementing practical pre coding activities to enhance CT skills among children.

@article{Rahman2025,
  title     = {Determination of Pre Coding Elements and Activities for a Pre Coding Program Model for Kindergarten Children Using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM)},
  journal   = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
  volume    = {16},
  number    = {1},
  year      = {2025},
  publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
  author    = {Siti Naimah Rahman and Norly Jamil and Intan Farahana Abdul Rani and Hafizul Fahri Hanafi},
  doi       = {10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0160169},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0160169}
}