Abstract: Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) network that distributes information and protects data integrity, security, and privacy. Constant simplification is required for information exchange. This comprehensive assessment seamlessly integrates Electronic Health Record (EHRs) with blockchain technology. EHRs are represented with different standards mainly HL7 and FHIR. EHR should be interpreted to both parties after exchange. Such interpretation after exchange may face few interoperable challenges. To overcome EHR interoperability difficulties, 18 blockchain-based alternatives were examined. Despite their promise, these systems have a variety of drawbacks, including reliability, privacy, data integrity, and collaborative sharing. Six phases make up the systematic review: research, investigation, article curation, keyword abstraction, data distillation, and project trajectory monitoring. In total, 18 seminal articles on EHR interoperability and Blockchain integration were identified. Many unique interoperability methods are proposed for Blockchain-integrated EHR systems in these contributions. Several Blockchain applications, standards, and issues associated with EHR interoperability are described and analyzed. Implemented and proposed blockchain-based EHR frameworks are numerous. The security aspects have been covered, but standards compliance and interoperability requirements are lacking. Research in this area is needed. This research study has analyzed the different national and international EHR standards. This paper describes the current state of EHRs, including blockchain-based implementations, along with the interoperability issues between existing blockchain-based EHR frameworks. The research has proposed novel BlockMed framework which is interoperable for the HL7 and FHIR EHR standards. BlockMed framework is evaluated with Data Accuracy, Mapping Quality, Response Time, Latency, Interoperability Coverage, AI Model Efficiency, Consent and Security Management, Cross-Chain Support, Patient and Provider Satisfaction.

Yonis Gulzar, Faheem Ahmad Reegu, Abdoh Jabbari, Rahul Ganpatrao Sonkamble, Mohammad Shuaib Mir and Arjumand Bano Soomro, “BlockMed: AI Driven HL7-FHIR Translation with Blockchain-Based Security” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 16(2), 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0160233

@article{Gulzar2025,
title = {BlockMed: AI Driven HL7-FHIR Translation with Blockchain-Based Security},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications},
doi = {10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0160233},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0160233},
year = {2025},
publisher = {The Science and Information Organization},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
author = {Yonis Gulzar and Faheem Ahmad Reegu and Abdoh Jabbari and Rahul Ganpatrao Sonkamble and Mohammad Shuaib Mir and Arjumand Bano Soomro}
}