IJACSA Volume 2 Issue 2 - thesai.org

IJACSA Volume 2 Issue 2

Copyright Statement: This is an open access publication licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, even commercially as long as the original work is properly cited.

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Paper 1: Building XenoBuntu Linux Distribution for Teaching and Prototyping Real-Time Operating Systems

Abstract: This paper describes the realization of a new Linux distribution based on Ubuntu Linux and Xenomai Real-Time framework. This realization is motivated by the eminent need of real-time systems in modern computer science courses. The majority of the technical choices are made after qualitative comparison. The main goal of this distribution is to offer standard Operating Systems (OS) that include Xenomai infrastructure and the essential tools to begin hard real-time application development inside a convivial desktop environment. The released live/installable DVD can be adopted to emulate several classic RTOS Application Program Interfaces (APIs), directly use and understand real-time Linux in convivial desktop environment and prototyping real-time embedded applications.

Author 1: Nabil LITAYEM

Author 2: Ahmed BEN ACHBALLAH

Author 3: Slim BEN SAOUD

Keywords: Real-time systems, Linux, Remastering, RTOS API, Xenomai

Paper 2: Design and Implementation of NoC architectures based on the SpaceWire protocol

Abstract: The SpaceWire is a standard for high-speed links and networks used onboard spacecrafts, designed by the ESA, and widely used on many space missions by multiple space agencies. SpaceWire has shown a great flexibility by giving the space missions a wide range of possible configurations and topologies. Nevertheless, each topology presents its own set of tradeoffs such as hardware limitations, speed performance, power consumption, costs of implementation, etc. In order to compensate these drawbacks and increase the efficiency of the SpaceWire networks, many solutions are being considered. One of these solutions is the Network on Chip or NoC configuration which resolves many of these drawbacks by reducing the complexity of designing with a regular architecture improving speed, power, and reliability and guaranteeing a controlled structure. This paper presents the main steps for building Network on Chip based on the SpaceWire protocol. It describes the internal structure, the functioning and the communication mechanism of the Network’s Nodes. It also exposes the software development and the validation strategy, and discusses the tests and results conducted on the adopted NoC topologies.

Author 1: Sami HACHED

Author 2: Mohamed GRAJA

Author 3: Slim BEN SAOUD

Keywords: NoC architectures; SpaceWire protocol; Codec IP; ,FPGA.

Paper 3: A Study on Cross Layer MAC design for performance optimization of routing protocols in MANETs

Abstract: One of the most visible trends in today’s commercial communication market is the adoption of wireless technology. Wireless networks are expected to carry traffic that will be a mix of real time traffic such as voice, multimedia conferences, games and data traffic such as web browsing, messaging and file transfer. All of these applications require widely varying and very diverse Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. In an effort to improve the performance of wireless networks, there has been increased interest in protocols that rely on interactions between different layers. Cross-Layer Design has become the new issue in wireless communication systems as it seeks to enhance the capacity of wireless networks significantly through the joint optimization of multiple layers in the network. Wireless multi-hop ad-hoc networks have generated a lot of interest in the recent past due to their many potential applications. Multi-hopping implies the existence of many geographically distributed devices that share the wireless medium which creates the need for efficient MAC and routing protocols to mitigate interference and take full advantage of spatial reuse. Cross-Layer Design is an emerging proposal to support flexible layer approaches in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). In this paper, we present few Cross-Layer MAC design proposals by analyzing the ongoing research activities in this area for optimizing the performance of routing protocols in MANETs.

Author 1: P.K Alima Beebi

Author 2: Sulava Singha

Author 3: Ranjit Mane

Keywords: cross-layer, routing, MAC, MANET, multi-hop networks;

Paper 4: Churn Prediction in Telecommunication Using Data Mining Technology

Abstract: Since its inception, the field of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery from Databases has been driven by the need to solve practical problems. In this paper an attempt is made to build a decision support system using data mining technology for churn prediction in Telecommunication Company. Telecommunication companies face considerable loss of revenue, because some of the customers who are at risk of leaving a company. Increasing such customers, becoming crucial problem for any telecommunication company. As the size of the organization increases such cases also increases, which makes it difficult to manage, such alarming conditions by a routine information system. Hence, needed is highly sophisticated customized and advanced decision support system. In this paper, process of designing such a decision support system through data mining technique is described. The proposed model is capable of predicting customers churn behavior well in advance.

Author 1: Rahul J Jadhav

Author 2: Usharani T. Pawar

Keywords: churn prediction, data mining, Decision support system, churn behavior.

Paper 5: Knowledge-Based System’s Modeling for Software Process Model Selection

Abstract: This paper depicts the knowledge-based system named as ESPMS (Expert System for Process Model Selection) through various models. A questionnaire was developed to identify important parameters, which were evaluated through domain experts in about all the universities of Pakistan. No exact system was found, which could guide Software Engineers for selection of a proper model during software development. This paper shows that how various technologies like Fuzzy Logic, Certainty Factors, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be adopted to develop the Expert System. Priorities assignments to critical factors have been shown for decision making in the model selection for a problem domain. This research work will be beneficial to both students and researchers for integrating Soft Computing Techniques and Software Engineering.

Author 1: Abdur Abdur Khan

Author 2: Zia Ur Rehman

Author 3: Hafeez Ullah Amin

Keywords: ESPMS, Expert System, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Certainty Factors, Fuzzy Logic, Decision-Making

Paper 6: Modelling & Designing Land Record Information System Using Unified Modelling Language

Abstract: Automation of Land Records is one of the most important initiatives undertaken by the revenue department to facilitate the landowners of the state of Punjab. A number of such initiatives have been taken in different States of the country. Recently, there has been a growing tendency to adopt UML (Unified Modeling Language) for different modeling needs and domains, and is widely used for designing and modelling Information systems. UML diagramming practices have been applied for designing and modeling the land record information system so as to improve technical accuracy and understanding in requirements related with this information system. We have applied a subset of UML diagrams for modeling the land record information system. The case study of Punjab state has been taken up for modelling the current scenario of land record information system in the state. Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been used as the specification technique. This paper proposes a refined software development process combined with modeled process of UML and presents the comparison study of the various tools used with UML.

Author 1: Kanwalvir Singh Dhindsa

Author 2: Himanshu Aggarwal

Keywords: information system, Unified Modeling Language (UML), software modelling, software development process, UML tools.

Paper 7: An Algorithm to Reduce the Time Complexity of Earliest Deadline First Scheduling Algorithm in Real-Time System

Abstract: To this paper we have study to Reduce the time Complexity of Earliest Deadline First (EDF), a global scheduling scheme for Earliest Deadline First in Real Time System tasks on a Multiprocessors system. Several admission control algorithms for earliest deadline first are presented, both for hard and soft real-time tasks. The average performance of these admission control algorithms is compared with the performance of known partitioning schemes. We have applied some modification to the global earliest deadline first algorithms to decrease the number of task migration and also to add predictability to its behavior. The Aim of this work is to provide a sensitivity analysis for task deadline context of multiprocessor system by using a new approach of EFDF (Earliest Feasible Deadline First) algorithm. In order to decrease the number of migrations we prevent a job from moving one processor to another processor if it is among the m higher priority jobs. Therefore, a job will continue its execution on the same processor if possible (processor affinity). The result of these comparisons outlines some situations where one scheme is preferable over the other. Partitioning schemes are better suited for hard real-time systems, while a global scheme is preferable for soft real-time systems.

Author 1: Jagbeer Singh

Author 2: Bichitrananda Patra

Author 3: Satyendra Prasad Singh

Keywords: Real-time system; task migration, earliest deadline first, earliest feasible deadline first.

Paper 8: Analysis of Software Reliability Data using Exponential Power Model

Abstract: In this paper, Exponential Power (EP) model is proposed to analyze the software reliability data and the present work is an attempt to represent that the model is as software reliability model. The approximate MLE using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are used to estimate the parameters of the EP model. A procedure is developed to estimate the parameters of the EP model using MCMC simulation method in OpenBUGS by incorporating a module into OpenBUGS. The R functions are developed to study the various statistical properties of the proposed model and the output analysis of MCMC samples generated from OpenBUGS. A real software reliability data set is considered for illustration of the proposed methodology under informative set of priors.

Author 1: Ashwini Kumar Srivastava

Author 2: Vijay Kumar

Keywords: EP model, Probability density, function, Cumulative density function, Hazard rate function, Reliability function, Parameter estimation, MLE, Bayesian estimation.

Paper 9: Priority Based Dynamic Round Robin (PBDRR) Algorithm with Intelligent Time Slice for Soft Real Time Systems

Abstract: In this paper, a new variant of Round Robin (RR) algorithm is proposed which is suitable for soft real time systems. RR algorithm performs optimally in timeshared systems, but it is not suitable for soft real time systems. Because it gives more number of context switches, larger waiting time and larger response time. We have proposed a novel algorithm, known as Priority Based Dynamic Round Robin Algorithm(PBDRR), which calculates intelligent time slice for individual processes and changes after every round of execution. The proposed scheduling algorithm is developed by taking dynamic time quantum concept into account. Our experimental results show that our proposed algorithm performs better than algorithm in [8] in terms of reducing the number of context switches, average waiting time and average turnaround time.

Author 1: Rakesh Mohanty

Author 2: H. S. Behera

Author 3: Khusbu Patwari

Author 4: Monisha Dash

Author 5: Lakshmi Prasanna

Keywords: Real time system; Operating System; Scheduling; Round Robin Algorithm; Context switch; Waiting time; Turnaround time.

Paper 10: Application of Expert System with Fuzzy Logic in Teachers’ Performance Evaluation

Abstract: This paper depicts adaptation of expert systems technology using fuzzy logic to handle qualitative and uncertain facts in the decision making process. Human behaviors are mostly based upon qualitative facts, which cannot be numerically measured and hardly to decide correctly. This approach is an attempt to cope with such problems in the scenario of teachers’ performance evaluation. An Expert System was developed and applied to the acquired knowledge about the problem domain that showed interesting results providing a sketch for students and researchers to find solutions of such types of problems. Through Fuzzy Logic we numerically weighted the linguistic terms, like; very good, good, bad, or high, medium, low or satisfied, unsatisfied by assigning priorities to these qualitative facts. During final decision making, key parameters were given weights according to their priorities through mapping numeric results from uncertain knowledge and mathematical formulae were applied to calculate the numeric results at final. In this way this ES will not only be useful for decision-makers to evaluate teachers’ abilities but may also be adopted in writing Annual Confidential Reports (ACR) of about all the employees of an organization.

Author 1: Abdur Rashid Khan

Author 2: Hafeez Ullah Amin

Author 3: Zia Ur Rehman

Keywords: Expert System, Fuzzy Random Variables, Decision Making, Teachers’ Performance, Qualitative & Uncertain Knowledge.

Paper 11: Dynamic Approach To Enhance Performance Of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) In A Wireless Communication Network

Abstract: In the mobile radio environment, signals are usually impaired by fading and multipath delay phenomenon. This work modeled and simulates OFDM in a wireless environment, it also illustrates adaptive modulation and coding over a dispersive multipath fading channel whereby simulation varies the result dynamically. Dynamic approach entails adopting probabilistic approach to determining channel allocation; First an OFDM network environment is modeled to get a clear picture of the OFDM concept. Next disturbances such as noise are deliberately introduced into systems that are both OFDM modulated and non-OFDM modulated to see how the system reacts. This enables comparison of the effect of noise on OFDM signals and non-OFDM modulated signals. Finally efforts are made using digital encoding schemes such as QAM and DPSK to reduce the effects of such disturbances on the transmitted signals. In the mobile radio environment, signals are usually impaired by fading and multipath delay phenomenon. In such channels, severe fading of the signal amplitude and inter-symbol-interference (ISI) due to the frequency electivity of the channel cause an unacceptable degradation of error performance. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient scheme to mitigate the effect of multipath channel.

Author 1: James Agajo

Author 2: Isaac O. Avazi Omeiza

Author 3: Idigo Victor Eze

Author 4: Okhaifoh Joseph(

Keywords: OFDM, Inter-Carrier Interference, IFFT, multipath,Signal.

Paper 12: Sectorization of Full Kekre’s Wavelet Transform for Feature extraction of Color Images

Abstract: An innovative idea of sectorization of Full Kekre’s Wavelet transformed (KWT)[1] images for extracting the features has been proposed. The paper discusses two planes i.e. Forward plane (Even plane) and backward plane (Odd plane). These two planes are sectored into 4, 8, 12 and 16 sectors. An innovative concept of sum of absolute difference (AD) has been proposed as the similarity measuring parameters and compared with the well known Euclidean distance (ED).The performances of sectorization of two planes into different sector sizes in combination with two similarity measures are checked. Class wise retrieval performance of all sectors with respect to the similarity measures i.e. ED and AD is analyzed by means of its class (randomly chosen 5 images) average precision- recall cross over points, overall average (average of class average) precision-recall cross over points and two new parameters i.e. LIRS and LSRR.

Author 1: H B Kekre

Author 2: Dhirendra Mishra

Keywords: CBIR, Kekre’s Wavelet Transform (KWT), Euclidian Distance, Sum of Absolute Difference, LIRS, LSRR, Precision and Recall.

Paper 13: Dominating Sets and Spanning Tree based Clustering Algorithms for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Abstract: The infrastructure less and dynamic nature of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) needs efficient clustering algorithms to improve network management and to design hierarchical routing protocols. Clustering algorithms in mobile ad hoc networks builds a virtual backbone for network nodes. Dominating sets and Spanning tree are widely used in clustering networks. Dominating sets and Spanning Tree based MANET clustering algorithms were suitable in a medium size network with respect to time and message complexities. This paper presents different clustering algorithms for mobile ad hoc networks based on dominating sets and spanning tree.

Author 1: R Krishnam Raju Indukuri

Author 2: Suresh Varma Penumathsa

Keywords: mobile ad hoc networks, clustering, dominating set and spanning trees

Paper 14: Distributed Group Key Management with Cluster based Communication for Dynamic Peer Groups

Abstract: Secure group communication is an increasingly popular research area having received much attention in recent years. Group key management is a fundamental building block for secure group communication systems. This paper introduces a new family of protocols addressing cluster based communication, and distributed group key agreement for secure group communication in dynamic peer groups. In this scheme, group members can be divided into sub groups called clusters. We propose three cluster based communication protocols with tree-based group key management. The protocols (1) provides the communication within the cluster by generating common group key within the cluster, (2) provides communication between the clusters by generating common group key between the clusters and (3) provides the communication among all clusters by generating common group key among the all clusters. In our approach group key will be updated for each session or when a user joins or leaves the cluster. More over we use Certificate Authority which guarantees key authentication, and protects our protocol from all types of attacks.

Author 1: Rajender Dharavath

Author 2: K Bhima

Keywords: Secure Group Communication; Key Agreement; Key Tree; Dynamic peer groups,Cluster.

Paper 15: Extracting Code Resource from OWL by Matching Method Signatures using UML Design Document

Abstract: Software companies develop projects in various domains, but hardly archive the programs for future use. The method signatures are stored in the OWL and the source code components are stored in HDFS. The OWL minimizes the software development cost considerably. The design phase generates many artifacts. One such artifact is the UML class diagram for the project that consists of classes, methods, attributes, relations etc., as metadata. Methods needed for the project can be extracted from this OWL using UML metadata. The UML class diagram is given as input and the metadata about the method is extracted. The method signature is searched in OWL for the similar method prototypes and the appropriate code components will be extracted from the HDFS and reused in a project. By doing this process the time, manpower system resources and cost will be reduced in Software development.

Author 1: Gopinath Ganapathy

Author 2: S. Sagayaraj

Keywords: Component: Unified Modeling language, XML, XMI Metadata Interchange, Metadata, Web Ontology Language, Jena framework

Paper 16: Magneto-Hydrodynamic Antenna Design and Development Analysis with prototype

Abstract: A new class of antenna based on magnetohydrodynamic technique is presented. Magneto-hydrodynamic Antenna, using electrically conducting fluid, such as NaCl solution under controlled electromagnetic fields is formulated and developed. Fluid resonator volume and electric field with magnetic field decides the resonant frequency and return loss respectively to make the antenna tuneable in the frequency range 4.5 to 9 GHz. The Maxwell’s equations, Navier Stokes equations and equations of mass conservation for the conducting fluid and field have been set up. These are expressed as partial differential equations for the stream function electric and magnetic fields, these equations are first order in time. By discretizing these equations, we are able to numerically evaluate velocity field of the fluid in the near field region and electromagnetic field in the far field region. We propose to design, develop, formulate and fabricate an prototype MHD antenna [1-3]. Formulations of a rotating fluid frame, evolution of pointing vector, permeability and permittivity of MHD antenna have been worked out. Proposed work presents tuning mechanism of resonant frequency and dielectric constant for frequency agility and configurability. Measured results of prototype antenna possess return loss up to -51.1dB at 8.59 GHz resonant frequency. And simulated resonant frequency comes out to be10.5GHz.

Author 1: Rajveer S Yaduvanshi

Author 2: Harish Parthasarathy

Author 3: Asok De

Keywords: Frequency agility, reconfigurability, MHD, radiation pattern, saline water.

Paper 17: An Architectural Decision Tool Based on Scenarios and Non-functional Requirements

Abstract: Software architecture design is often based on architects intuition and previous experience. Little methodological support is available, but there are still no effective solutions to guide the architectural design. The most difficult activity is the transformation from non-functional requirement specification into software architecture. To achieve above things proposed “An Architectural Decision Tool Based on Scenarios and Nonfunctional Requirements”. In this proposed tool scenarios are first utilized to gather information from the user. Each scenario is created to have a positive or negative effect on a non-functional quality attribute. The non-functional quality attribute is then computed and compared to other non-quality attributes to relate to a set of design principle that are relevant to the system. Finally, the optimal architecture is selected by finding the compatibility of the design principle.

Author 1: Mahesh Parmar

Author 2: W.U. Khan

Author 3: Binod Kumar

Keywords: Software Architecture, Automated Design, Non-functional requirements, Design Principle.

Paper 18: To Generate the Ontology from Java Source Code

Abstract: Software development teams design new components and code by employing new developers for every new project. If the company archives the completed code and components, they can be reused with no further testing unlike the open source code and components. Program File components can be extracted from the Application files and folders using API’s. The proposed framework extracts the metadata from the source code using QDox code generators and stores it in the OWL using Jena framework automatically. The source code will be stored in the HDFS repository. Code stored in the repository can be reused for software development. By Archiving all the project files in to one ontology will enable the developers to reuse the code efficiently.

Author 1: Gopinath Ganapathy

Author 2: S. Sagayaraj

Keywords: component: Metadata; QDox, Parser, Jena, Ontology, Web Ontology Language and Hadoop Distributed File System;.

Paper 19: Query based Personalization in Semantic Web Mining

Abstract: To provide personalized support in on-line course resources system, a semantic web-based personalized learning service is proposed to enhance the learner's learning efficiency. When a personalization system relies solely on usage-based results, however, valuable information conceptually related to what is finally recommended may be missed. Moreover, the structural properties of the web site are often disregarded. In this Paper, we present a personalize Web search system, which can helps users to get the relevant web pages based on their selection from the domain list. In the first part of our work we present Semantic Web Personalization, a personalization system that integrates usage data with content semantics, expressed in ontology terms, in order to compute semantically enhanced navigational patterns and effectively generate useful recommendations. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed technique is the only semantic web personalization system that may be used by non-semantic web sites. In the second part of our work, we present a novel approach for enhancing the quality of recommendations based on the underlying structure of a web site. We introduce UPR (Usage-based Page Rank), a Page Rank-style algorithm that relies on the recorded usage data and link analysis techniques based on user interested domains and user query.

Author 1: Mahendra Thakur

Author 2: Yogendra Kumar Jain

Author 3: Geetika Silakari

Keywords: SemanticWeb Mining;Personalized Recommendation;Recommended System

Paper 20: A Short Description of Social Networking Websites And Its Uses

Abstract: Now days the use of the Internet for social networking is a popular method among youngsters. The use of collaborative technologies and Social Networking Site leads to instant online community in which people communicate rapidly and conveniently with each other. The basic aim of this research paper is to find out the kinds of social network are commonly using by the people.

Author 1: Ateeq Ahmad

Keywords: Social Network, kinds, Definition, Social Networking web sites, Growth